從玉山論壇，看見疫後合作新方向

以「共同打造堅韌未來」為主題，2020年玉山論壇的場次一，以官方角度出發，邀請來自美國、日本、越南、菲律賓等國的前任或現任官員，從經貿、教育、農業等新南向政策旗艦計畫領域，分享他們觀察到後疫情時代下區域合作的新契機。

Based on the theme: Building a Resilient Future Together, the first session of the 2020 Yushan Forum kicked-off with former and current officials from the United States, Japan, Vietnam, the Philippines, and other countries. The discussion spanned economic and trade, education, agriculture, covering New Southbound projects. Participants shared their observations of opportunities for regional cooperation in the post-epidemic era.

數位化勢在必行，以有遠見的態度面對後疫情時代

「將標準流程數位化是技職教育必須要有的新樣貌之一」，透過連線，越南勞動部技職教育科學院副院長范春秋，在玉山論壇上點出疫後的教育新方向。范春秋表示，教育是受到本次疫情影響最多的領域之一：學校停課、教學轉為線上，學生和老師都還在適應這樣的新教育環境。他認為，將傳統教學流程數位化，是重新塑造技職教育的直接手段之一。從入學考試、學生訓練與指導教育單位等工作，一切的流程都要走入數位化。

Imperative of digital technology in a post-epidemic era
"The digitization of standard procedures is an essential feature that vocational education and training must have." Through a video call, Mr. Pham Xuan Thu, the Vice Director, National Institute of Vocational Education and Training, Ministry of Labour, Vietnam, provided insight into the new direction of post-epidemic education. Moreover, Mr. Pham said that education has been one of the most affected sectors by the pandemic. Most schools are closed and switched to online teaching, but both students and teachers are still attempting to adapt to the new environment. He believes that digitizing the traditional teaching process is one of the direct means to re-shape vocational education and training. From entrance examinations to student training, and professional training, they must all be digitized.

台灣致力為新南向地區培養產業所需之人才，技職教育是實踐此目標的主要方式之一。教育部和勞動部已為打造台灣成為區域人才孵化基地努力多年，新南向國家之學生來台學習的人數也逐年增加。當亞洲地區的許多學子，特別在發展中之國家，因疫情無法正常學習的時候，台灣如能進一步提供全面的數位化教育，必能深化區域共同體。

Taiwan is committed to cultivating industrial talents that are needed in New Southbound partner countries. Vocational education and training is one of the main ways to achieve this goal. The Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Labor have worked hard for many years to build Taiwan into a regional talent incubation base, and the number of students from NSP partners to Taiwan has also increased yearly. When students in Asia, especially in developing countries, cannot study at school due to the epidemic, Taiwan can step up and further provide comprehensive digital education, deepening its regional ties.

不只教育界，許多領域也都開始呼籲要數位化轉型，這讓原本成長速度已相當快的「數位化」，在疫後時期變得更急迫。日本電信電話（NTT）副社長柳瀨唯夫分享他的觀察並點出，數位化挑戰的背後帶出另一個人類一直在面對的問題—能源需求，他提及，網路數據的爆發性成長，將提高對資通訊設備的要求，能源需求亦將大幅成長。然而，要注意的是，網路攻擊也會因此變得更為頻繁。柳瀨唯夫強調，不論政府或企業都必須以長遠的眼見來面對後疫情時代。

Not only the educational sector but similarly, many other fields have the same appeal concerning digitalization. The status quo has made the process of "digitization", which has grown rapidly in recent years urgently demanded in the post-epidemic period. Tadao Yanase, Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Strategy Officer, NTT, Japan, pointed out that behind the challenge of digitalization, another existing challenge is the problem of energy demand. He predicts that the explosive growth of network data will increase the demand for information and communication equipment, and the energy demand will be multiplicative. However, it should be noted that cyber-attacks will also become more frequent. Therefore, Tadao Yanase emphasized that both the government and the enterprise must face the post-epidemic era with a long-term vision.

供應鏈與糧食安全，重新檢視全球供需產業

數位化之外，「供應鏈」成為另一個在後疫情時代必須面對的重要課題。一場全球公衛危機，讓世界各國真真切切地學到依賴單一必需品的來源是如此地危險。經濟部政務次長陳正祺分享台灣的經驗時表示，透過新南向政策，台灣正在研究新的經濟發展模式，以減少對單一生產地的依賴。疫情的發生，讓企業開始建立新的生產基地，重新佈局，並以遷近於終端市場的方式，來縮短供應鏈的距離。政府則協助企業將生產基地移回台灣，或前往理念近之國家投資，以多元化的方式來調整生產，並且同步努力參與區域整合，以及與夥伴國家簽定自由貿易協定。最後，陳正祺強調要有安全可靠的合作機制才能有助於經濟穩定的成長。

From economy to food, time to re-examine the global supply chains
In addition to digitalization, supply chains have become another critical issue that must be tackled. A global public health crisis has taught countries all over the world that relying on a single source for critical goods is dangerous. When sharing Taiwan’s experience, Chern-Chyi Chen, the Deputy Minister of Economic Affairs, said that through the New Southbound Policy, Taiwan is studying new economic development models to reduce its dependence on a single manufacturing base. The outbreak of the epidemic has allowed companies to establish new production bases, re-layout, and shorten the distance of the supply chain by moving closer to an end market. The government has been assisting companies in reshoring their production bases or in investing in like-minded countries, adjusting production in a diversified manner, and simultaneously working hard to participate in regional integration and signing free trade agreements with partner countries. Finally, Deputy Minister Chen emphasized that only a safe and reliable cooperation mechanism can contribute to stable economic growth.

「疫情也讓越南正視糧食安全的問題」，呼應陳正祺次長的供應鏈議題，現任越南農業部高級顧問鄭刻光點出，糧食安全供應鏈的問題在這次的危機中也被看得更清楚。鄭刻光表示，越南尚未有針對糧食安全、農地保護、營養提升等方面的建全政策。但是，身為一個每年可出口500萬至700萬公噸稻米的國家，越南是有能力透過政策修訂，來改善建設發展，以穩定供應人民基本必需品。

The epidemic has also forced Vietnam to recognize its challenge in food security. In response to the supply chain issue raised by Chern-Chyi Chen, Trinh Khac Quang, senior researcher from Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, pointed out that the issue of food security supply chain has also crystallized in this crisis. Quang stated that Vietnam has not yet established a comprehensive policy for food security, farmland protection, and nutrition improvement. However, as a country that can export 5 million to 7 million metric tons of rice each year, Vietnam has the ability to improve through policy revisions in order to supply the basic necessities of its people.

透過新南向政策，台灣的農委會已在印尼與菲律賓設立示範農場，協助當地提升種植技術與產能。而下一步正是與越南的合作：台越雙邊目前已簽訂種苗繁殖生產示範中心合作協議，協助越南隆安省改良水稻與果樹種苗繁殖栽培技術。

Through the New Southbound Policy, Taiwan’s Council of Agriculture has set up pilot farms in Indonesia and the Philippines to assist the locals in improving planting technology and production capacity. The next step is to cooperate with Vietnam: Taiwan and Vietnam have signed a cooperation agreement on seedling propagation and production demonstration centers to assist Vietnam's Long An Province to improve rice and fruit seedling propagation and cultivation techniques.

以合作取代競爭，建立有互信的堅韌未來

綜觀上述，可以發現疫情的爆發讓許多存在已久的問題浮上檯面，人類社會必須正視。然而，沒有一項問題是可以由一國獨自面對解決的，因為全球化的影響，一個議題往往牽涉到整個區域甚至全世界。從疫苗研發的議題中，我們看到「各國正處於競爭，而非合作的狀態。」菲律賓前衛生部長葛琳說道。她以菲律賓學習台灣的健保制度、健保雲端藥歷系統以及武漢肺炎的疫苗研發為例，強調跨國合作機制的重要性。葛琳呼籲，「合作」才能讓各國在面對未來挑戰時有更好的準備，以建立韌性的未來。

Cooperation before competition, to build a resilient future based on mutual trust
We have observed that the pandemic has introduced many pre-existing problems to the surface, and human society must address them. However, no problem can be resolved by a single nation alone. In a globalized world, an issue often involves an entire region or even the global community. Nonetheless, “we are currently witnessing fierce competition in vaccine research and development.” said Dr. Janette Loreto-Garin, the former health minister of the Philippines. She took the example of the Philippines studying Taiwan's health insurance system, health insurance cloud medical record system, and Covid-19 research, stressing the importance of transnational cooperation mechanisms. Dr. Loreto-Garin called for cooperation to enable countries to be better prepared when facing future challenges in building a resilient future.

美國前白宮國家經濟會議副總監威廉姆斯也認為，從另一角度看，當前面對的全球公衛挑戰，其實是讓各國團結一致合作的機會。他讚許，台灣在醫療與科技方面一直是可信任的優異夥伴，並表示在疫情之下，台灣證明了自己可成為值得信賴的合作夥伴，不僅有能力解決自身面臨的挑戰，也可幫助美國。最後，威廉姆斯結語時指出，合作讓台美雙方建立對彼此的信任，朝未來更全面性的夥伴關係前進。

Mr. Clete R. Willems, former Deputy Director of the National Economic Council, the White House, also believes the current global public health challenges are opportunities for countries to unite and cooperate. He praised that Taiwan has always been a trustworthy and excellent partner in medical and technology, and said that under the epidemic, Taiwan has proved that it can be an excellent partner, not only capable of solving its challenges, but also helping the United States. In conclusion, Willems pointed out that cooperation between the two nations will help Taiwan and the United States build trust in each other and move towards a more comprehensive partnership in the future.

本文章內容由「臺灣亞洲交流基金會」提供，經關鍵評論網媒體集團廣編企劃編審。