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強搶東北無理 政治覆核可恥 ──新界東北案刑期覆核黃浩銘之答辯陳辭

強搶東北無理 政治覆核可恥 ──新界東北案刑期覆核黃浩銘之答辯陳辭
Photo Credit: Tyrone Siu / REUTERS / 達志影像

我們想讓你知道的是

黃浩銘就新界東北案刑期覆核的答辯陳辭。

文︰黃浩銘

(案件編號︰CAAR 3/2016)

前言

此案發生於2014年6月13日,經歷10多天的審訊後,裁判官溫紹明最後判我120小時社會服務令。然而,律政司不服刑期直接向上訴法庭提出刑期覆核,乃政治案件首次引用此例。此結案陳辭,必須感謝陳玉峰及黃啟暘兩位好朋友,他們協助我研究案件,尋找案例,反覆跟我鑽磨法律,讓我可以在上訴庭以法理說服法庭。誠然,我不會誤以為自己可以像個律師一樣成功說服法庭接受我的說法,但作為行動者,我必須清楚地說明為何自己不應再被判刑,向公眾說述東北案的情由。

我不求憐憫,但求公義;我不怕無情監禁,我怕鴉雀無聲。我說過,對於此案,我毫無悔意,絕不求繞,我在溫紹明面前所說都是真摯的。律政司說我無真誠侮意,因此應當坐牢,我說我真誠無侮意,不是為求坐牢,而是忠於自己,忠於戰友,如牢獄是我必然之所,我坦然面對,我所信相的主耶穌與我同在。

新界東北的村民仍需我們關心,以及橫洲的村民亦是,為求諸位萬勿灰心,我們要堅持下去,這是意志的比拚,這是無煙硝的精神戰爭,我們用耐心、勇氣和智慧繼續抗爭,我深信,公義必將到來!

A. 引言

1.我採納郭憬憲大律師及譚俊傑大律師的陳詞大綱、就潘法官的案例所作的回應以及剛才的陳詞,並作以下補充。

2.首先,今日我們要處理的不是定罪問題,因為裁判官已定我們的罪,我亦已履行我的刑期,就是120小時社會服務令。今日,我們在這裡是因為律政司不服溫紹明裁判官所定下的刑期,認為我們應該坐監。據我了解,這是首次律政司動用《刑事訴訟程序條例》要求上訴庭覆核我們這類型的案件,因為從前他們的做法都是用《裁判官條例》要求裁判官覆核案件。

3.無論如何,今天我很樂意在法庭內向諸位法官解說,說明為何我認為應當維持原判。控方給了我們幾個值得討論的問題︰

  • 甲、裁判官是否因為低估本案罪行的嚴重性,而未判處具阻嚇性刑罰?
  • 乙、裁判官是否因為答辯人為公眾利益而非為個人而給予過重比重,以致有今日律政司認為輕判的結果?
  • 丙、裁判官是否未有充份考慮所謂的判刑原則?

4.誠然,我相信諸位法官已經閱讀我早前給予各位的陳詞大綱及案例,我不打算逐個爭辯,但我希望法庭容許我就剛才提出的問題作出回應。然而,首先我必須建立一個基礎,就是上訴庭不會干預原審法官的事實裁斷。

B. 基本法律原則

5.剛才,郭憬憲大律師及譚俊傑大律師已清楚列出具說服力的案例Attorney General v Lau Chiu-tak and Another [1984] HKLR 23,釐清了法庭就刑罰覆核的法律原則。然而,我想補充的是,上訴庭在Attorney General v Fong Ming-Yuen [1989] 2 HKLR 177案中,再次確認Lau Chiu-tak原則,並指出由於法庭有傾向保障人身自由的假設(presumption in favorem libertatis),因此申請人說服法庭加刑,是要比說服法庭減刑困難得多︰

“We accept that to interfere as the Attorney General desires us to is to interfere with the exercise of his discretion by an experienced judge. This is not something to be lightly done. Further, because of the presumption in favorem libertatis referred to by this Court in Attorney General v. Lau Chiu-tak and Another [1984] HKLR 23, the Court is less easily persuaded that a sentence was manifestly inadequate than it might be persuaded that a sentence was manifestly excessive.” (劃線粗體強調)

6.正如郭憬憲大律師所言,在刑期覆核申請的案件中,申請人無權要求上訴法庭干預原審法官就事實爭議的裁決,法庭亦只會以原審法官裁定的事實為申請的基礎,見Attorney General v Li Ah-sang [1995] 2 HKCLR 239第242 頁,高等法院上訴庭法官廖子明裁定︰

“... In my view, it is not open to the Attorney General to seek a review other than the facts on which the magistrate chose to find. This court should not be asked to proceed on the hypothetical different.” (劃線粗體強調)

高等法院上訴庭副庭長黎守律於同案第243-244頁 亦指︰

“... I am not persuaded that they [i.e. submissions that the magistrate in that case had proceeded on a false factual assumption] enable the Crown to rely upon a factual basis different to that apparently accepted at the trial by the Crown. ... ”

7.而即使上訴法庭對該裁決是否正確有所懷疑,也會尊重原審法官就事實爭議的裁決,原因是原審法官有耳聞目睹各名證人的優勢,見律政司司長訴區志恆及其他人 [2006] 2 HKLRD 310,高等法院上訴庭副庭長胡國興論及刑期覆核申請中處理原審法官事實裁定的方法時指︰

33. 張法官裁定第3項控罪涉案之一支呎多長的掃把棍及一支呎多長的鐵通不屬“危險武器”。這是張法官經聆聽所有証供後所作出的事實裁定。...

...

39. 上訴法庭並沒有原審法庭於聽取證供時對案件感覺的優勢,實在難以推翻張法官視涉案武器是否屬非“危險武器”之裁定。因此,本庭認為不應干預該裁定。

8.時任上訴庭副庭長司徒敬法官(現任終審法院非常任法官)在Secretary for Justice v Wong Chi Wai [2012] 3 HKC 361 案中第 [16], [19]及 [23]段指︰

“16. It is as well to take the opportunity of this case to sound a reminder of the limited circumstances in which an appellate court will upon a prosecutor’s application interfere with a sentence by an upward adjustment.

19. This is a category of offence in which one is likely to draw limited assistance from sentences imposed in other cases, since the facts which go to the commission of an attempt to pervert the course of justice are so varied. ... The present case is a prime example of a case in which sentencing is an art rather than a hard-edged approach. It is a case where the experienced sentencer can perhaps more readily secure the "feel" of the impugned conduct, its aim and what was inside the mind of the offender than articulate it, though articulate it he must and did.

23. Further than that, the sentencing judge manifestly approached his task both at trial and in the sentencing exercise most conscientiously and carefully. He is an experienced judge who had the advantage of listening to the evidence over a period of days and the advantage also of seeing and hearing Wong testify. In other words, his experience and his observation and hearing of the testimony, whilst not conclusive of any application such as this, deserves respect for they provided him with considerable opportunity to secure an appropriate ‘feel’ for the gravity of the matter and, thereby, for a just sentence.

9.總括而言,相比起證明刑期明顯過重,申請人證明刑期明顯不足所要求達到的舉證門檻更高。且上訴法庭不會干預原審法官就事實爭議的裁決,原因是原審法官有耳聞目睹各名證人以及對案件感覺的優勢,裁判官了解我們的動機、訴求、目的,綜合十多天的審訊過程,加上他的閱歷,才得出這個判刑。

C. 申請人的覆核理據

R v Caird︰對社會造成大規模而嚴重滋擾

10.首先我們要處理的是第一個問題,究竟裁判官是否因為低估本案罪行的嚴重性,而未判處具阻嚇性刑罰呢?我們不妨都看看申請人所舉出的案例。

11.申請人在其陳詞大綱第11段指,法庭向來視對社會造成大規模而嚴重滋擾的罪行為嚴重罪行,並在第12段引用1970年英國案例R v Caird (1970) 54 Cr. App. R. 499案支持(見申請人案例索引第1項目),亦在第13段形容本案所造成的騷亂是大規模的。

12.事實上,Sachs法官在判詞第505頁第2段指︰

“In each case the Court has, amongst other things, to take into account how grave the situation had become from the point of view of the public peace.”

13.因此法庭著眼點,是在於被告人的行為,在當時對社會安寧造成多大的滋擾。事實上,觀乎此一案例,我們必須全面了解當時的情況,希望法庭可以參考此案第502頁,法官閣下將會見到有示威者當時用磚塊石頭打破飯廳窗戶、用紅漆扔警察、拆毀街燈導致街外昏暗、推翻桌子、撕爛窗簾、用椅子拒向客人。很明顯,這是以襲擊他人以及破壞財物為目的激烈行動,不但影響當時的處所,更會影響當區的市民,甚至我亦不能接受的是,刻意傷害無辜,將不涉事的人拉進來,偏離原本的政治目的。